(4)  Z-M diagram

    The results computed are represented by two curve in Fig.7^[7], and they are in very good agreement with observation. This show also the using M_v  to be correct.

    Quaser’s  Z-m  diagram is platted according to the revised optical catalog of QSOs^[8] in Fig. 8.  It appears that using  M_v=-24^m.0  is not very different.

    There is lower limit for quasar’s apparent magnitude, about 21^m.0

    Diffusion of quasar’s apparent magnitude is evolution effect mainly.

    The Hubble constant at central region of the universe is determined only be observation. For example, A.Sandage’s and G.Tammann’s observation value is H = 50-55.

Fig.7

[7]  Kenneth R.Lang, Astrophysical Formulae, 1974, Fig. 35.

Fig.8 
[8] A.Hewite and G.Burbidge, Ap.J.,43(1980),57-158.